For understanding the hard magnetic materials, we have to know certain terms. They are as follows: Coercivity:The capability of aferromagnetic materialto hold up (resist) a peripheralmagnetic fieldwithout getting demagnetized. Retentivity (Br):It is the amount of magnetism that a ferromagnetic material can maintain even after themagnetic fieldis decreased to zero. Permeability:It is used to determine how a material reacts to the applied magnetic field. Magnetic materials are mainly classified (b

What are Ferroelectric Materials?Ferroelectric materials are materials that exhibit Ferroelectricity. Ferroelectricity is the ability of the material to have a spontaneous electric polarization. This polarization can be reversed by the application of an external electric field in the opposite direction (figure 1 below). Ferroelectricity (and hence Ferroelectric materials) was discovered by Rochelle salt by Valasek in 1921.The reversal of polarity of a ferroelectric material via the application o

First of all we need to keep certain points in mind before defining the soft magnetic materials. Remanent Induction:It is actually the value of induction which residue, once the material is magnetized and then the magnetizing field is decreased to zero. It is denoted by Br. Coercive Force:It is the amount of negativemagnetic fieldwhich is essential to decrease the remanent induction to zero. It is denoted by Hc. The total area of thehysteresis loop= the energy which is dissipated when a material

The addition of silicon(Si) in iron(Fe) in right proportions with the help of certain manufacturing process significantly improves the magnetic and electrical properties of iron. By the end of 19th century, it was discovered that the addition of silicon to iron significantly improves the resistivity of iron and so silicon steel or what we know today as electrical steel was developed. It not only brought down the eddy current losses in steel, but significant improvement in magnetic permeability a