What is a Lamp?A lamp is defined as an artificial source of light that can be used for illumination, decoration, or signaling. Lamps have been around for thousands of years, evolving from simple vessels filled with animal fat and wicks to sophisticated devices that use electricity, gas, or solar power. Lamps can vary in their size, shape, design, color, brightness, and energy efficiency.Why are Lamps Important?Lamps are important for many reasons. They can provide the following: Visibility: Lamp

Abimetalis defined as an object that is composed of two separate metals joined together by a metallurgical process. Unlike alloys, which are mixtures of two or more metals, bimetals consist of layers of different metals that retain their individual attributes. Bimetals can also be called bimetallic products or bicomponent materials.Bimetals are characterized by two distinct metallic zones of the parent metals, which perform mechanically and electrically as a single unit. The benefit of bimetals

What is Alternating Current?An alternating current (AC) is an electric current that changes its direction and magnitude periodically. Unlike direct current (DC), which flows only in one direction, AC can be used to transmit power over long distances with less energy loss. AC is also the form of electrical energy that most household appliances and devices use when they are plugged into a wall socket.The shape of the AC waveform can vary depending on the source and the load. The most common wavefo

Distribution functions are nothing but the probability density functions used to describe the probability with which a particular particle can occupy a particular energy level. When we speak of Fermi-Dirac distribution function, we are particularly interested in knowing the chance by which we can find a fermion in a particular energy state of an atom (more information on this can be found in the article “Atomic Energy States”). Here, by fermions, we mean the electrons of an atom which are the pa

As per Neil Bohr’s theory of atomic structure, all the atoms are found to have discrete energy levels around their central nucleus (more on this can be found in the article “Atomic Energy Levels”). Now consider the case wherein two or more such atoms are placed nearer to one another. In this case, the structure of their discrete energy levels gets transformed into energy band structure. That is, in the place of discrete energy levels, one can find discrete energy bands. The cause behind the form

The quantum numbers are basically represents the address of an electrons in atom. These quantum numbers represent the location, energy level and spin of electron in atom. These quantum numbers are useful for representing the electron configuration. Quantum numbers are of four types – Principal quantum number (n) Orbital or Azimuthal quantum number (l) Magnetic quantum number (m or ml) Spin magnetic quantum number (ms)Principal Quantum Number (n)Principal quantum number of an electron represents

Atoms constitute the building blocks of all materials in existence. In these atoms, there is a central portion called nucleus (N in Figure 1) which consists of protons and neutrons, around which revolves the particles called electrons. Next, it is to be noted that all the electrons constituting the considered material do not revolve along the same path. However this even does not mean that their revolutionary paths can be random. That is, each electron of a particular atom has its own dedicated

An atom is defined as the smallest particle of a substance that can exist by itself or be combined with other atoms to form a molecule.In the year 1808, famous English chemist, physicist, and meteorologist John Dalton published his theory of the atom. At that time, many unexplained chemical phenomena got quickly unlocked by Dalton’s theory. Hence, the theory became a theoretical foundation of chemistry. The postulates of Dalton’s atomic theory were as follows. All matter is made up of small indi

It is introduced by Danish Physicist Niels Bohr in the year of 1913. According to this model the atom consists of small nucleus at the center and electrons which rotates in circular orbits surrounding the nucleus – similar to solar system. But here, the force of attraction is provided by electrostatic forces rather than gravitational forces. The nucleus is positively charged and electrons are negatively charged. Further Niels Bohr illustrated that the positively charged nucleus consists of proto

We all have seen plums in padding. Previously it was thought that electrons in an atom are distributed on positive charge just like plums in a pudding. In other words, it was thought that positive charge exists throughout the atom and negative electrons are unevenly distributed on it just like plums in the pudding. This concept of the atomic model is so known as plums in pudding model of atoms. This concept was introduced by J.J.Thomson who was also the inventor of electrons. As according to plu