In the core of a transformer, to minimize eddy current losses and hysteresis losses, the core is typically constructed from multiple thin sheets of laminated silicon steel. These silicon steel sheets are separated by an insulating material. The purpose is to reduce the eddy current effect within the core to the maximum extent, thereby reducing heat losses and improving the efficiency of the transformer.Insulating MaterialThe insulating material used between the silicon steel sheets in the core i

At present, Ndfeb magnets are considered to be one of the strongest magnets commercially available. They belong to the rare earth magnet category and are known for their high strength and high coercivity (i.e. the ability to resist demagnetization). However, there are some materials that can exhibit higher magnetic properties under certain conditions.Samarium-cobalt magnetSamarium cobalt magnets (SmCo) are also rare earth magnets, which are more stable than Ndfeb magnets at high temperatures. Wh

The adoption of high-temperature superconductors (HTS) in power transmission systems has the potential to revolutionize the way electricity is transmitted and distributed. HTS materials become superconducting at temperatures that are higher than those of traditional low-temperature superconductors (LTS), making them more practical for real-world applications due to lower cooling costs. Here are the potential implications of widespread adoption of HTS in power transmission systems, along with how

What is Control Engineering?Control Engineering DefinedControl engineering is the field of engineering that focuses on designing and optimizing systems to function in a desired, controlled manner using principles of control theory.Classical vs. ModernClassical control engineering uses transformed equations to analyze Single Input Single Output systems, while modern control tackles complex systems with state-space and vector methods.Historical SignificanceThe history of control engineering showca

The electrical light source which works on the principle of incandescent phenomenon is called Incandescent Lamp. In other words, the lamp working due to glowing of the filament caused by electric current through it, is called incandescent lamp.How do Incandescent Lamps Work?When an object is made hot, the atoms inside the object become thermally excited. If the object does not melt, the outer orbit electrons of the atoms jump to higher energy level due to the supplied energy. The electrons on th

In 1958, E.G. Fridrich and E.H. Wiley had has developed Tungsten Halogen Lamp by introducing a halogen gas (basically Iodine) inside the incandescent lamp. Basically, without halogen gas, incandescent lamp filament gradually losses its performance because of its filament evaporation at higher temperature of operation. The evaporated tungsten from the filament of normal incandescent lamp gets deposited inside the bulb surface gradually. Thus lumens get obstructed from its way to come out from the

An electric lamp is a conventional light emitting component used in different circuits, mainly for lighting and indicating purposes. The construction of lamp is quite simple, it has one filament surrounding which, a transparent glass made spherical cover is provided. The filament of the lamp is mainly made of tungsten as it has high melting point temperature. A lamp emits light energy as the thin small tungsten filament of lamp glows without being melted, while current flows through it.Uses of E

A Low-Pressure Sodium Vapor lamp (or LPSV lamp) is termed as a “miscellaneous discharge lamp” as it possesses some characteristics of High-Intensity Discharge (HID) lamps as well as it resembles fluorescent lamps in other areas.Basically, an LPSV lamp is a gas discharge lamp that uses sodium in an excited state to produce light. A typical LPSV lamp is shown in the figure below. The constructional features of the LPSV lamp are given below: The outer envelope is made from borosilicate glass. The i

Ahigh pressure sodium vapor lampis a type of gas-discharge lamp that uses sodium in an excited state to produce light. It is one of the most efficient types of lighting sources and has a long lifespan. It is widely used for industrial lighting and outdoor security areas, such as parking lots and roadways.What is a High Pressure Sodium Vapor Lamp?A high pressure sodium vapor lamp is defined as a lamp that operates at a high pressure (above 1 atm) and temperature (above 1000 °C) inside a transluce

A lamp is a device that produces illumination by using a wick soaked in combustible material or other light-producing instruments such as gas and electric lamps. Lamps were invented at least as early as 70,000 BCE and have evolved over time to use different materials and designs. In this article, we will explore the various types of materials that are used to build a lamp, and their properties and functions.What is a Lamp Material?A lamp material is any substance that is used to construct a lamp